Publications2024-06-05T16:35:17-04:00

Reports & Publications by Category

A variety of useful resources on the key issues involving homelessness in America.

The Law Center works to ensure that all people are treated with respect and without discrimination, regardless of race, gender, sexual orientation, disability, or any other factor.

With visible homelessness on the rise, policy-makers should avoid knee-jerk reactions, like banning homeless people from life-sustaining activities such as sleeping, eating, or asking for help.

A driving cause of homelessness for women and children is domestic violence. The Law Center is a leading advocate for housing protections for survivors, many of which are in the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA).

The ultimate solution to homelessness is housing. From advocating for more affordable housing, to strengthening tenant rights, the Law Center fights for everyone to have a roof over their heads.

 

Polling indicates that about 3 out of 4 Americans agree adequate housing is a basic human right. The Law Center uses human rights standards to end criminalization and work for a day when every person in America has a safe, secure home.

Cover of the 2022 Human right to housing report card, grading the United States response to housing and homelessness. A screenshot of the front page of the Report titled Slavery as a Cause and Consequence of Homelessness in the United StatesCriminalization of Homelessness and Mental Health in the United States Shadow Report to the United Nations Human Rights Committee For the United States’ Review of the International Covenant on Civil and Political RightsRacial Injustice in Housing and Homelessness in the United StatesHuman rights to human reality report cover 

The Law Center works to break the cycle of homelessness and poverty by advocating for more than 4.2 million youth experiencing homelessness every year in the U.S.

All Reports & Publications

A collection of reports by the Law Center and related organizations to help advocates fighting homelessness in America.

2023

Legal Defense Clinics Operations Manual

Developed in collaboration with the Western Regional Advocacy Project (WRAP), the Legal Defense Clinics (LDC) Project aims to strengthen and support the growing movement to decriminalize homelessness by reimagining the relationship of legal work to organizing.

The LDCs are a national network of movement-driven legal clinics dedicated to dismantling the carceral complex of laws and policies that target unhoused communities. This network aims not only to increase front-line legal representation but to fully integrate that legal support into organizing spaces working to build the power of poor and unhoused communities to fight for their own liberation and forge better futures.

Through this form and process, the LDCs facilitate a new depth of relationship between lawyers and organizers in the field, one which harnesses the full range of tools at its disposal, collaborates across time and space, flexes as the movement requires, and sharpens the focus of legal work to address long-term needs of poor and unhoused communities.

Racial Injustice in Homelessness and Housing in the United States: Report to the UN Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Racism

This report was submitted to the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and Ms. Ashwini K.P. (Special Rapporteur contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance). Its analysis, in part, informed Ms. K.P.’s November 2023 official visit to the United States, after which her findings will be presented in a public report to the United Nations Human Rights Council in June 2024. Our report draws on the guidance of numerous human rights monitors, including Special Rapporteurs. Moreover, here are some of the recommendations we urge Ms. K.P. to make to the U.S. following the mission:

  1. Require local law enforcement agencies to collect, disaggregate, and share data on housing status of persons stopped, ticketed, arrested, jailed, convicted, and used force against by law enforcement, along with intersections with race;
  2. Implement strong financial and legal incentives for local authorities to decriminalize homelessness and life-sustaining activities in public;
  3. Re-direct funding from law enforcement to compassionate crisis response teams and establish community-based housing that utilizes a Housing First approach;
  4. Abolish carceral civil involuntary commitment systems and ensure adequate mental health care is available and accessible to all;
  5. Recognize and implement the human right to adequate housing;
  6. Limit background checks for ex-offenders and enable renters to seal or expunge eviction records, increasing housing accessibility

Human Right to Housing Report Card 2023: Grading the United Response to Housing and Homelessness

Cover of the 2022 Human right to housing report card, grading the United States response to housing and homelessness.On October 5th, 2023, the Law Center, in partnership with the University of Miami Law School Human Rights Clinic, issued the Human Right to Housing Report Card 2023. The report card assigns letter grades measuring federal progress toward meeting each of the seven internationally recognized elements of the human right to housing: legal security of tenure; accessibility; affordability; availability of services, materials and infrastructure; location; habitability; and cultural adequacy. This report card considers the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the two election cycles that have occurred since the issuance of our last report card in 2016 up through the end of 2022. For each element we share policy recommendations at the federal, state, and local levels.

Read the full report by clicking the link above.

Criminalization of Homelessness and Mental Health in the United States: Report to the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to adequate housing and the Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights

This report was submitted to the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Mr. Olivier De Schutter (Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights), and Mr. Balakrishnan Rajagopal (Special Rapporteur on the right to adequate housing). In 2024, both Rapporteurs will be issuing a joint report on efforts made to decriminalize offenses that are frequently associated with homelessness and poverty. Our report draws on the guidance of numerous human rights monitors, including Special Rapporteurs, and urges Mr. De Schutter and Mr. Rajagopal to “issue the strongest and most comprehensive condemnation of the criminalization of homelessness possible.” That is, the U.S. is obligated to do the following:

  1. Ensure that federal, state, and local policing agendas do not criminalize unhoused persons;
  2. Ensure that private actors are not penalized for providing food and aid to unhoused persons;
  3. Ensure that civil involuntary commitment systems are not used to restrain the liberty of unhoused persons with mental disabilities outside the criminal legal system; and
  4. Re-direct funding from law enforcement to compassionate crisis response teams and establish community-based housing that utilizes a Housing First approach.

Read the full report by clicking the link above.

Criminalization of Homelessness and Mental Health in the United States: Shadow Report to the United Nations Human Rights Committee For the United States’ Review of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

This report was submitted to the UN Human Rights Committee in advance of its review of the U.S. to take place on October 17-18, 2023. The Committee has previous condemnation of the criminalization of homelessness in the U.S. as it raised “concern of discrimination and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment.” In this report, we ask the Committee to extend its attention to four specific practices that have emerged since 2014.  First is the growth of well-funded efforts to push criminalization at the national and state level. Second is the practice of federal police agencies to engage in criminalization of homelessness. Third is the use of criminalization against not only persons experiencing homelessness themselves, but also those who seek to provide them with food and other aid. Last is the expanded use of the civil involuntary treatment and commitment process against unhoused persons with mental health disabilities. Our joint submission concludes with proposed questions to the U.S. government as well as our policy recommendations for the Committee’s urgent consideration in addressing these issues.

Read the full report by clicking the link above.

Slavery as a Cause and Consequence of Homelessness in the United States

A screenshot of the front page of the Report titled Slavery as a Cause and Consequence of Homelessness in the United States

This report was submitted to the UN Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and its consequences in advance of a report on homelessness as a cause and consequence of slavery to be presented in fall 2023. The report was produced in collaboration with A Way Home America, Aiden Anthony LLC, and True Colors United, and several formerly unhoused individuals.

Read the full report by clicking the link above.

UN Mechanism on Racial Injustice & Law Enforcement in the United States

This report was submitted to the UN Expert Mechanism on Law Enforcement & Racism in advance of the Mechanism’s 2023 Visit to the U.S.

Read the full report by clicking the link above.

2022

National Homelessness Law Center Condemns Supreme Court Decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization as Violation of Human Right to Health Care and Harmful to Persons Experiencing Homelessness

The National Homelessness Law Center stands for universal human rights for all people, including the
human rights to health care and to housing. A necessary component of this human rights work is to protect the legal rights and lives of persons seeking services derived from either of these rights. Today, the US Supreme Court in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, in failing to find constitutional protection for abortion and overturning Roe v. Wade, rolled back the human right to health care in the US. Because the rights to health care and housing are interdependent, in the absence of other remedial steps, the decision in Dobbs will result in increased housing instability and homelessness, and all the attendant dire consequences, for the most vulnerable Americans. This decision will hurt all Americans, but because of structural racism, it will hurt Black, Indigenous, and other families of color disproportionately.

Read our full statement here.

Racial Injustice in Housing and Homelessness in the United States: List of Themes Submission to the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) For the United States Review

Cover of Report

In its prior review of the United States (U.S.), this Committee has underscored the need to address the disproportionate number of minorities experiencing homelessness, as well as discrimination and segregation in housing. Specifically, this Committee expressed its “concern” “at the high number of homeless persons, who are disproportionately from racial and ethnic minorities, particularly African Americans, Hispanic/Latino Americans and Native Americans, and at the criminalization of homelessness through laws that prohibit activities such as loitering, camping, begging, and lying in public spaces.”2 Moreover, this Committee noted “the persistence” of racial discrimination in access to housing and “the high degree of racial segregation and concentrated poverty.”

Read the full list by clicking the link above.

LITIGATION MANUAL SUPPLEMENT: Criminalization of Homelessness Case Summaries 2022

Despite a lack of affordable housing and shelter space, governments have chosen to threaten, arrest, and ticket homeless persons for performing life-sustaining activities – such as sleeping or sitting down – in outdoor public space. In addition to an increasing number of laws that civilly and criminally punish homelessness, governments also regularly displace people experiencing homelessness from public space – a practice commonly called “sweeps” – and seize their personal property. We refer to these punitive policies collectively as the criminalization of homelessness.

Because people experiencing homelessness are not on the street by choice but because they lack choices, criminal and civil punishment serves no constructive purpose. Instead, criminalizing homelessness creates acute harm and wastes precious public resources on policies that do not work to reduce homelessness.  Indeed, arrests, unaffordable tickets, and displacement from public space for doing what any human being must do to survive can make homelessness more difficult to escape.

NHLC and NHLP Congratulate American Bar Association on New Policy for Residential Eviction Law

The National Homelessness Law Center and the National Housing Law Project congratulate the American Bar Association in passing “ABA Ten Guidelines for Residential Eviction Laws.” The Resolution was passed Monday, on Valentine’s Day, bringing a little love to all the renters across the country.

According to its website, “The ABA is the largest voluntary association of lawyers in the world. As the national voice of the legal profession, the ABA works to improve the administration of justice, promotes programs that assist lawyers and judges in their work, accredits law schools, provides continuing legal education, and works to build public understanding around the world of the importance of the rule of law.”

Housing Not Handcuffs: 2021 State Law Supplement

On, December 1, 2021, The Law Center released the first national study on state laws criminalizing homelessness. Housing Not Handcuffs 2021: State Law Supplement shows that states are increasingly targeting homeless people with criminal penalties and incarceration for acts of survival such as public sleeping, camping and asking for charity. This report supplements the Law Center’s Housing Not Handcuffs 2019 report, which reviewed municipal level laws criminalizing homelessness in 187 cities across the country.

Racial Injustice in Housing and Homelessness in the United States: List of Themes Submission to the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) For the United States Review

This document was submitted to the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination to support the Committee in developing its list of themes for the upcoming review of the U.S., highlighting racial discrimination in homelessness and housing.

2021

2020 State Index on Youth Homelessness

2020 State Index on Youth Homelessness The National Homelessness Law Center (the Law Center) and True Colors United are excited to announce the release of the 2020 State Index on Youth Homelessness. The State Index on Youth Homelessness ranks and scores laws and policies related to preventing and addressing youth homelessness in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. This is the third consecutive year that this report evaluates all 50 states and the District of Columbia on their efforts to prevent and end youth homelessness. View the interactive website here and download the full report here.

March 3rd, 2021|0 Comments

Practical Tips for Avoiding Or Reducing The Risks Of The Training Executive Order (EO 13950)

Practical Tips for Avoiding Or Reducing The Risks Of The Training Executive Order (EO 13950) - 2020 On September 22, 2020, President Trump issued Executive Order 13950 on Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping (“EO 13950”).  The Law Center believes that this action is unconstitutional, and legal challenges are already underway.  In the meantime, we offer these practical tips for housing and homelessness prevention organizations who receive federal funding and may be affected by the order. View the full guidance here.

November 10th, 2020|0 Comments

2020

Practical Tips for voiding Or Reducing The Risks Of The Training Executive Order (EO 13950)
Practical Tips for Avoiding Or Reducing The Risks Of The Training Executive Order (EO 13950) – 2020 On September 22, 2020, President Trump issued Executive Order 13950 on Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping (“EO 13950”).  The Law Center believes that this action is unconstitutional, and legal challenges are already underway.  In the meantime, we offer these practical tips for housing and homelessness prevention organizations who receive federal funding and may be affected by the order. View the full guidance here.

Know-Your-Rights Toolkit for Unaccompanied Youth & Families Who Lack Stable Housing

2020 Know-Your-Rights Toolkit for Unaccompanied Youth & Families Who Lack Stable Housing Homelessness is traumatic, especially for children, who lose their neighborhood, friendships, routines, and even school. And during COVID-19, homelessness can have even more dire consequences for families. But the federal McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act protects youth’s right to stay in their school. The Law Center has updated our toolkits for families experiencing homelessness— including those doubled up with others after losing their own housing—that address the education rights of their children, which are protected under federal law. View the full report here.

Submission to HUD on the proposed amendment to the Equal Access Rule

Submission to HUD on the proposed amendment to the Equal Access Rule – 2020 The Law Center submitted a comment to HUD on their proposed rule entitled “Making Admission or Placement Determinations Based on Sex in Facilities Under Community Planning and Development Housing Programs.” The Law Center believes the proposed rule directly conflicts with the McKinney-Vento Act  as it would severely harm many students, especially LGBTQ+ youth, whose educational stability and success rely on safe shelter conforming with their gender. View the full comment here.

2019

2019 State Index on Youth Homelessness

2019 State Index on Youth Homelessness

2019 State Index on Youth Homelessness Each year, True Colors United and the National Law Center on Homelessness & Poverty collaborate to research, analyze, and publish an annual State Index on Youth Homelessness (the Index) that measures, scores and reports on the systems, environment, and laws of all states as they relate to preventing and ending youth homelessness. The Index paints a broad picture of where states currently stand in these categories and how they can collectively and individually improve their measures to end and prevent youth homelessness. The Index also provides an assessment of all states’ current capacity to successfully prevent and end youth homelessness based on certain benchmarks and criteria. These scores and assessments should serve as a guide for policymakers and advocates on how to make changes to existing policies, systems, and services towards ending and preventing youth homelessness at the state level.

2019 Alone Without A Home: A National Review of State Laws Affecting Unaccompanied Youth
This report provides a state-by-state review of laws in 13 key issue areas that affect the lives of unaccompanied youth experiencing homelessness. Topics include status offenses, emancipation statutes, health care access, consent and confidentiality statutes, and juvenile justice system statutes. It also offers an overview of the range of approaches taken by jurisdictions and the relative prevalence of these approaches and includes detailed indexes where advocates can find the relevant laws in their state or jurisdiction. Importantly, the report also provides recommendations for policy changes in each of the 13 issue areas, with a view towards strengthening the supports available to unaccompanied youth.

Housing Not Handcuffs 2019:Ending the Criminalization of Homelessness in U.S. Cities
Many people experiencing homelessness have no choice but to live outside, yet cities routinely punish or harass unhoused people for their presence in public places. Nationwide, people without housing are ticketed, arrested, and jailed under laws that treat their life-sustaining conduct—such as sleeping or sitting down—as civil or criminal offenses.

We refer to these policies—laws that restrict or prohibit different categories of conduct performed by homeless people—and their enforcement collectively as the “criminalization of homelessness.” This report—the only national report of its kind—provides an overview of laws in effect across the country that punish homelessness.

DC Homeless Youth Handbook

Washington DC Homeless Youth Handbook, 2019 The Homeless Youth Handbook is a guide for homeless youth with information about your rights, responsibilities, and resources in every major aspect of your life. Each Handbook is created based upon State specific law – look for the Handbook for the State you live in for additional help and information. View the full resource here or download it here.

Housing and Homelessness in the United States of America: Submission to the United Nations Universal Periodic Review of United States of America

This report details U.S. human rights obligations, and where they are currently not being met, for the review of the United Nations. It also details how the U.S. could meet its existing obligations with further action and policy.

Public Charge Information and Resources

The Protecting Immigrant Families (PIF) Campaign has important information on the proposed changes to the regulations on being considered a public charge in immigration. This status can negatively impact immigration applications, and potentially cause them to be denied. The information provided includes a resources page with fact sheets, FAQs, and other useful documents.

McKinney-Vento Education Toolkit 
Homelessness is traumatic, especially for children, who lose their neighborhood, friendships, routines, and even school. But the federal McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act protects youth’s right to stay in their school. The Law Center published two toolkits for families experiencing homelessness— including those doubled up with others after losing their own housing—that address the education rights of their children, which are protected under federal law. View the New York State McKinney-Vento toolkit or Federal McKinney-Vento toolkit.

The toolkits are also available in Spanish: New YorkFederal.

Este documento informativo también están en español: Nueva York / Federal.

2018

Serving and Protecting? Survey Results on Homeless New Yorkers’ Experience with Law Enforcement

This report analyzes data from surveys of people experiencing homelessness in New York City and their interactions with law enforcement. The report includes recommendations for ending the criminalization of homelessness on both the local and national level.

NLCHP Memo to NLC: Veterans Incentive Programs

This memo provides support for communities working to end veterans’ homelessness by developing incentive programs to help housing providers accept homeless veterans for tenancy.

Scoring Points: How Ending the Criminalization of Homelessness Can Increase HUD Funding to Your Community
For the fourth time since 2015, the annual Notice Of Funding Application (NOFA) offers additional points to communities that document the steps they are taking to combat the criminalization of homelessness.

State Index on Youth Homelessness
The Law Center and the True Colors Fund released a first-of-its-kind resource that evaluates all 50 states and the District of Columbia on their efforts to prevent and end youth homelessness.

Protect Tenants, Prevent Homelessness
This report details the relationship between renters’ rights, evictions, and homelessness and provides recommendations for improving housing security among vulnerable populations.

2017

Tent City USA: The Growth of America’s Homeless Encampments and How Communities are Responding
The report reviews the rapid growth of homeless people living in tents across the United States over the past decade, as measured by documentation in media reports.

Don’t Count on It: How the HUD Point-in-Time Count Underestimates the Homelessness Crisis in America
Though HUD reported 554,000 homeless Americans on any given night—itself a number that is unacceptably large—the Law Center’s report suggests this number is actually a significant undercount. The report addresses flaws in HUD’s inconsistent methodology, which particularly misses unsheltered homeless people.

Homeless Education Advocacy Manual: Disaster Edition

Pre-K through 12 students who have been displaced by disaster have the right to attend school under federal law. With pro bono support from Schulte Roth & Zabel LLC, the Law Center has released a new report to provide guidance to students and families navigating the school system after being displaced by disaster. (2017).

Extreme Poverty & Human Rights Report 2017: Violations of the Human Rights of Persons Experiencing Homelessness in the United States – A Report to the Special Rapporteur on Extreme Poverty & Human Rights
This report, submitted to the U.N. Special Rapporteur in advance of his planned December 2017 visit to the U.S., outlines violations of the human rights of persons experiencing homelessness — essentially the most extreme form of poverty — in the United States of America.

Hurricane Irma Fact Sheet
This fact sheet provides information about educations rights and access for Florida PreK-12 students displaced by Hurricane Irma.

Hurricane Harvey Fact Sheet
This fact sheet provides information about educations rights and access for Texas PreK-12 students displaced by Hurricane Harvey.

Criminalization One-Pager
This fact sheet offers a quick primer on the criminalization of homelessness. Advocates can bring this with them to meetings with public officials, distribute it at conferences or public actions, and share with others to educate them on the criminalization of homelessness.

Violations of the Right to Privacy for Persons Experiencing Homelessness in the United States: A Report to the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Privacy
What little privacy a homeless person enjoys rests on their personal belongings and makeshift dwellings, but “sweeps” of homeless encampments frequently result in the seizure and destruction of homeless persons’ property. People experiencing homelessness can also face criminal charges if police disregard the walls of their tents or tarps and uncover evidence of crimes (such as possession of drugs) in searches that would be impermissible in someone’s house. Because homelessness falls disproportionately on communities of color, LGBTQ individuals (particularly youth), persons with disabilities, and women and families fleeing domestic violence, these violations frequently intersect with other forms of discrimination, and result in further marginalization of these homeless individuals.

Public Property/Public Need: A Toolkit for Using Vacant Federal Property to End Homelessness
This toolkit by the National Law Center on Homelessness & Poverty will help public and private non-profit service providers obtain unused federal land and real property to serve and house homeless people. Under Title V of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (Title V), local governments, state agencies, and non-profit groups that serve homeless people have a right of first refusal to certain property that is no longer needed by the federal government. The federal government will convey these properties by deed or lease to successful applicants for free. This toolkit provides an overview of the Title V program, and answers many commonly asked questions about how to identify and successfully apply for available properties.

Housing Not Handcuffs: A Litigation Manual
This litigation manual provides an overview of legal theories that have been used successfully to challenge criminalization policies and practices, and it also sets forth several important considerations for bringing litigation on behalf of homeless people. In addition, it includes numerous summaries of cases that have been brought over the years to protect the civil and human rights of homeless people.

Getting the Justice Department on Your Side: A Guide to Filing a Complaint 
In 2015, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) filed a statement of interest in federal court arguing that it is unconstitutional to criminalize sleeping in public places without providing adequate shelter space in the area. While that case – Bell v. City of Boise – is now on appeal, the profusion of state and local laws facilitating abuse of homeless persons makes it likely that the DOJ will be looking for opportunities to use its enforcement powers of intervention or investigation in the future. You need not be an attorney to file a complaint, and this fact sheet provides some helpful tips to those looking to get the Justice Department on your side.

Human Right to Housing Report Card, 2016
This report card assesses the current level of US compliance with the human right to housing in the context of American homelessness. In doing so, we consider the country as a whole, and policy at all levels of government, as it relates to homelessness, including its prevention.

2016

Housing Not Handcuffs: Ending the Criminalization of Homelessness in U.S. Cities
Homelessness remains a national crisis, as stagnated wages, rising rents, and a grossly insufficient social safety net have left millions of people homeless or at-risk. Although many people experiencing homelessness have no choice but to live in public places, laws and enforcement practices punishing the presence of visibly homeless people in public space continue to grow. Homeless people, like all people, must engage in activities such as sleeping or sitting down to survive. Yet, in communities across the nation, these harmless behaviors are punished as crimes or civil infractions.

No Barriers: A Legal Advocate’s Guide to Ensuring Compliance with the Education Program of the McKinney-Vento Act
This manual is designed to provide legal advocates with an understanding of the relevant provisions of McKinney-Vento, and the legal tools needed to effectively assist homeless children and youth in accessing school, including challenges ahead, compliance resources, and lessons learned from litigation. Furthermore, the manual identifies other federal laws and state laws that offer legal protections to homeless children and youth.

Homeless Students Count: How States and School Districts Can Comply with the New McKinney-Vento Education Law Post-ESSA
Too many states were struggling to make schools accessible to students experiencing homelessness, even before heightened legal requirements went into effect this fall. This report, based on a national survey of current state laws, flags common areas where states need to take aggressive action to come into full compliance with federal law, including the amendments to the federal McKinneyVento Homeless Assistance Act that went into effect on October 1, 2016.

McKinney-Vento FAQs
This document provides answers to frequently asked questions on the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act and the education rights of children and youth in homeless situations. The answers are general responses based on federal statutes, regulations, and guidance; relevant case law; and best practices from across the country.

Fair Housing Assessment Tools
The following letters explain what happen when communities criminalize homelessness or otherwise exclude people experiencing homelessness from public space:

2015

McKinney-Vento School Legal Checklist

A school legal checklist for compliance with the McKinney-Vento Act, for the education of homeless children and youth.

Homelessness In America: Overview of Data and Causes
This fact sheet provides statistics and information related to the demographics of people experiencing homelessness, as well as the causes of homelessness.

2014

Human Rights to Human Reality: A 10 Step Guide to Strategic Human Rights Advocacy
Working consistently for the past two decades, the Law Center is achieving unprecedented success in getting federal agencies to address the criminalization of homelessness as a human rights violation. This guide presents ten steps as a case study of our experiences that we believe can help others achieve broader respect for, and implementation of, human rights.

CAT Criminalization Shadow Report 2014: Criminalization of Homelessness in the United States of America
Submission to the United Nations Committee Against Torture for its 2014 Review of the United States of America
September 15, 2014
This report was submitted by the Law Center as the chair of the US Human Rights Network’s CAT Homelessness Working Group discussing the criminalization of homelessness in the United States as part of the U.S.’s review by the U.N. Committee Against Torture. The Working Group included the National Coalition for the Homeless and Southern Legal Counsel, and the report was endorsed by an additional thirty-seven organizations and seven individuals.

UPR Housing Report 2014: Housing and Homelessness in the United States of America
Submission to the United Nations Universal Periodic Review of United States of America, September 15, 2014
This report, submitted by the Law Center and the US Human Rights Network UPR Housing Working Group, and endorsed by an additional forty-six organizations and individuals, discusses the housing and homelessness in the United States in relation to the US’s human rights obligations.

CERD Housing Report 2014: A Report to the U.N. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination on Racial Discrimination in Housing and Homelessness in the United States, July 3, 2014
This report, submitted by the Law Center and LACAN, and endorsed by an additional thirty-nine organizations and individuals, discusses the violations of the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination in the areas of housing and homelessness in the United States.

From Wrongs to Rights: The Case for Homeless Bill of Rights Legislation
There is a new legislative tool gaining momentum across the country: homeless bills of rights. This report surveys the common rights violations experienced by homeless Americans, describes homeless bills of rights enacted and proposed in several states, and provides advocates with guidance for pursuing similar legislation in their states.

This fact sheet gives a brief overview of the Protecting Tenants at Foreclosure Act.

Columbia Human Rights Law Review: Special Edition on the Symposium on the Right to Adequate Housing in the United States
Volume 45, Issue 3 (2014)
On April 26, 2013, the Law Center co-hosted a national symposium on Bringing Economic & Social Rights Home: The Right to Adequate Housing in the United States. Articles in this special issue of the Columbia Human Rights Law Review provide an important complement to, and expansion of, the day’s discussion. Authored by symposium participants and experts in the field, these essays explore in greater detail several of the topics touched upon in the symposium and contribute to the emerging literature exploring opportunities to establish the human right to housing in the United States.

Can I Get Some Remedy? Criminalization of Homelessness and the Obligation to Provide an Effective Remedy
45 Col. HRLR 738 (2014)
This Article reviews the types of remedies available and those ordered by federal and state courts in both criminalization of homelessness and non-criminalization cases, and evaluates courts’ reluctance to provide greater, more effective relief for homeless plaintiffs. Not only do U.S. courts have the ability to fashion comprehensive equitable remedies such as providing housing when traditional ones have been proven ineffective, but evolving standards among international human rights courts and national constitutional courts may eventually obligate them to do so in order to protect the human rights of vulnerable populations.

Homeless Persons Access to Injustice Fact Sheet

This fact sheet, describing the challenges faced by many homeless persons in their encounters with the criminal justice system, was presented at the April 1st, 2014 consultation on Access to Justice to over fifty representatives from the Departments of Justice, State, Housing & Urban Development, and the White House Office of Domestic Policy Council.

Welcome Home: The Rise of Tent Cities in the United States
This report documents the rise of homeless encampments and “tent cities” across the United States, and the legal and policy responses to that growth.

U.N. Human Rights Committee Calls U.S. Criminalization of Homelessness “Cruel, Inhuman, and Degrading”
The U.N. Human Rights Committee in Geneva condemned the criminalization of homelessness in the United States as “cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment” that violates international human rights treaty obligations, and called upon the U.S. government to take corrective action.

2013

Human Rights Day 2013
This letter from the IAOHRA President and Columbia’s Human Rights Institute promotes the human rights resolutions passed in 2013, including those related to the criminalization of homelessness and Homeless Bills of Rights.

This Land is Your Land: How Surplus Property Can Prevent and End Homelessness

This report discusses Title V of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, which allows vacant federal property to be used, for free, by eligible groups who provide housing or services to homeless persons. Protecting and expanding the ability of homeless service providers to access unused federal property is a critical part of the effort to end and prevent homelessness. (2013)

Cruel, Inhuman, and Degrading: Homelessness in the United States under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Submitted to the U.N. Human Rights Committee
This report details violations of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) stemming from U.S. policy toward the more than 3.5 million people who experience homelessness in the U.S. annually. While the U.S. government should be commended for recognizing that the imposition of criminal penalties on homeless people is counterproductive public policy in violation of the ICCPR and Convention Against Torture, criminalization of homelessness at the state and local levels continues to cause significant rights violations.

IAOHRA Resolutions 2013
Resolutions Against the Criminalization of Homelessness and Promoting Human Rights by the International Association of Official Human Rights Agencies

Violence against women is a primary cause of homelessness. This fact sheet addresses the impact that domestic violence has on housing and homelessness.

Project LEARN Flyer
This flyer is a brief know-your-rights sheet, helpful for informing parents of the rights of children experiencing homelessness. It includes space for schools to add the contact information for their district’s homeless liaison.

Fact Sheet on the Violence Against Women Act of 2013 (VAWA)

This fact sheet addresses the impact of VAWA 2013 on the housing rights of survivors of domestic violence.

There’s No Place Like Home: State Laws that Protect Housing Rights for Domestic and Sexual Violence 

In 2005, in response to Congressional findings that families are discriminated against, denied access to, and evicted from housing because of their status as survivors of domestic violence, Congress reauthorized the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) and included new housing protections for these survivors. While VAWA provides federal housing protections for survivors of domestic violence, its protections are limited.  To fill the gap, many states have enacted legislation that goes beyond the limited protections offered in VAWA. In this 50 state review, we summarize the canon of state laws designed to counteract some of the common housing problems faced by victims of domestic violence.

Homeless Education Advocacy Manual – 2013 Disaster Edition
For those recovering from a disaster, man-made or natural, immediate needs for income and housing may overshadow critical concerns about education of children and youth. However, the needs of displaced students should also be considered. This manual is designed to encourage and assist advocates working with displaced students seeking access to appropriate educational services.

2012

Eviction (Without) Notice: Renters and the Foreclosure Crisis
This report focuses on a critically important, but often overlooked, aspect of the foreclosure crisis: its impact on tenants. A 2009 federal law, the Protecting Tenants at Foreclosure Act (“PTFA”), created important new rights for tenants living in foreclosed properties. Many tenants and their advocates are unaware of these rights, however, and banks and their agents are often in violation of the law. This report reviews the impact of foreclosure on tenants, summarizes the provisions of the new law, describes ongoing violations of the PTFA, and provides a review of changes in state law since the PTFA’s enactment.

Alone Without A Home: A State-by-State Review of Laws Affecting Unaccompanied Youth (2012)
Each year, an estimated 1.6 million children and youth (ages 12-17) experience homelessness without a parent or guardian. unaccompanied homeless youth face numerous legal barriers that often complicate their attempts to meet the basic necessities of life on their own and prevent them from reaching out for assistance to state agencies and service providers that could otherwise help them. This report reviews the state of current law in 12 key issue areas that affect the lives and future prospects of unaccompanied homeless youth in all 50 U.S. states and 6 territories.

2011

Opening the Door to the Human Right to Housing: The Universal Periodic Review and Strategic Federal Advocacy for a Rights-Based Approach to Housing
This article was published in the September-October 2011 edition of Clearinghouse REVIEW Journal of Poverty Law and Policy, Volume 45, Numbers 5-6.

Beds and Buses: How Affordable Housing Can Help Reduce Transportation Costs
While transportation must continue as an essential service for homeless students, a better option for the students, and more cost-effective resolution for the community, is preventing homelessness from forcing the family or youth out of the district in the first place. This paper proposes schools and communities work together to create more affordable housing to supplement exclusive reliance on McKinney-Vento transportation policies. When possible, housing a student and their family in their district of origin is a more efficient and more effective alternative to transporting students back to that district.

Simply Unacceptable: Homelessness and the Human Right to Housing in the United States
Prior to the foreclosure crisis and economic recession, homelessness was already a national crisis. Since then, homelessness has increased dramatically. This report assesses the current level of U.S. compliance with the human right to housing in the context of American homelessness. In doing so, we consider the country as a whole, and policy at all levels of government, as it related to homelessness, including its prevention. It is not, and not intended to be, a comprehensive review and assessment of implementation of all aspects of the right.

Education of Homeless Children and Youth: A Guide to Their Rights

Homeless children and youth sometimes need help enrolling and participating in school. Various individuals can, and should, step forward to provide assistance. Parents, relatives, family friends, school and school district personnel, shelter providers, youth program workers, social workers, advocates, and the students themselves can all play a role in helping young people get an education. If you are such a person, this booklet will get you started.

2010

A Place at the Table: Prohibitions on Sharing Food with People Experiencing Homelessness
Uncomfortable with visible homelessness in their communities and influenced by myths about homeless people’s food access, cities use food sharing restrictions to move homeless people out of sight, an action that often exacerbates the challenges people experiencing homelessness face each day just to survive. This report focuses on ordinances, policies, and tactics that discourage or prohibit individuals and groups from sharing food with homeless persons. The report also highlights constructive alternatives to food sharing restrictions, in the form of innovative programs that both adults and youth are implementing to share food with people experiencing homelessness in their communities.

2009

Great Scot! – The Scottish Plan to End Homelessness and Lessons for the Housing Rights Movement in the United States

A Resource Manual on International Law and the Human Right to Adequate Housing
This article was published in the Winter 2009 edition of the Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law & Policy, Volume XVI, Number 1.

This 2009 report presents findings from a survey of service providers and analysis of PHA data, which demonstrate that many PHAs fail to comply with the housing provisions of VAWA.

Human Rights Shadow Reporting: A Strategic Tool for Domestic Justice
This article was published in the January-February 2009 edition of Clearinghouse REVIEW Journal of Poverty Law and Policy, Volume 42, Numbers 9-10.

2007

Utilizing the Base Closure Redevelopment and Homeless Assistance ActA Toolkit for Nonprofits 

This toolkit explains the process of applying for surplus federal property to be used to provide homeless services, under the 1994 Base Closure Act.

Lost Housing, Lost Safety: Survivors of Domestic Violence Experience Housing Denials and Evictions Across the Country

This 2007 report co-authored by the Law Center and the National Network to End Domestic Violence explores the housing problems faced by survivors of domestic violence, such as evictions as a result of the actions of their abusers, and inability to access housing after escaping violence.

2004

Photo Identification Barriers Faced by Homeless Persons: The Impact Photo ID Barriers Faced by Homeless Persons (2004) of September 11

Photo identification is a necessity in modern daily life. Many homeless persons, however, lack photo identification because of the difficulty of maintaining important documents while homeless. People without photo identification have difficulty accessing the critical services and benefits that help move people out of poverty. After September 11, 2001, homeless persons face additional, significant barriers when they lack a photo ID.

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